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Economic and Market Commentary

A Theoretical Framework for Equity-Defensive Strategies

We show that the return to a defensive equity portfolio can be decomposed into a hedging component and a component that seeks to generate returns.
  • This paper proposes a framework for optimal defensive portfolio construction.
  • Defensive strategies are generally characterized by a positive probability that they perform well in down equity markets.
  • The key trade-off among equity equity-defensive strategies is their expected return versus their ability to diversify equity risk in down equity markets. In particular, the more reliable a strategy’s equity-hedging properties, the lower its expected return, and vice versa.
  • In our model, the investor maximizes the portfolio’s unconditional expected return, subject to a constraint on its conditional equity beta.
  • We show that the return to a defensive equity portfolio can be decomposed into a hedging component and a component that seeks to generate returns.
  • We demonstrate that optimal defensive portfolios exhibit better return-defensiveness properties relative to the underlying strategies.

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Disclosures

Past performance is not a guarantee or a reliable indicator of future results.

The analysis contained in this paper is based on hypothetical modeling. No representation is being made that any account, product, or strategy will or is likely to achieve profits, losses, or results similar to those shown. Hypothetical or simulated performance results have several inherent limitations. Unlike an actual performance record, simulated results do not represent actual performance and are generally prepared with the benefit of hindsight. There are frequently sharp differences between simulated performance results and the actual results subsequently achieved by any particular account, product, or strategy. In addition, since trades have not actually been executed, simulated results cannot account for the impact of certain market risks such as lack of liquidity. There are numerous other factors related to the markets in general or the implementation of any specific investment strategy, which cannot be fully accounted for in the preparation of simulated results and all of which can adversely affect actual results.

Return assumptions are for illustrative purposes only and are not a prediction or a projection of return. Return assumption is an estimate of what investments may earn on average over a long-term period. Actual returns may be higher or lower than those shown and may vary substantially over shorter time periods. Return assumptions are subject to change without notice.

Figures are provided for illustrative purposes and are not indicative of the past or future performance of any PIMCO product.

All investments contain risk and may lose value. Investing in the bond market is subject to risks, including market, interest rate, issuer, credit, inflation risk, and liquidity risk. The value of most bonds and bond strategies are impacted by changes in interest rates. Bonds and bond strategies with longer durations tend to be more sensitive and volatile than those with shorter durations; bond prices generally fall as interest rates rise, and the current low interest rate environment increases this risk. Current reductions in bond counterparty capacity may contribute to decreased market liquidity and increased price volatility. Bond investments may be worth more or less than the original cost when redeemed. Equities may decline in value due to both real and perceived general market, economic and industry conditions. Commodities contain heightened risk, including market, political, regulatory and natural conditions, and may not be suitable for all investors. Tail risk hedging may involve entering into financial derivatives that are expected to increase in value during the occurrence of tail events. Investing in a tail event instrument could lose all or a portion of its value even in a period of severe market stress. A tail event is unpredictable; therefore, investments in instruments tied to the occurrence of a tail event are speculative. Trend Following is a strategy that seeks to make profits by capitalizing on the long-term general direction of a market trend. Managers typically rely on complex trading models that execute buy and sell decisions in reaction to price movements. For example, they will be long if prices in a market are rising and will be short if prices are falling. Certain U.S. government securities are backed by the full faith of the government. Obligations of U.S. government agencies and authorities are supported by varying degrees but are generally not backed by the full faith of the U.S. government. Portfolios that invest in such securities are not guaranteed and will fluctuate in value. Derivatives and commodity-linked derivatives may involve certain costs and risks, such as liquidity, interest rate, market, credit, management and the risk that a position could not be closed when most advantageous. Commodity-linked derivative instruments may involve additional costs and risks such as changes in commodity index volatility or factors affecting a particular industry or commodity, such as drought, floods, weather, livestock disease, embargoes, tariffs and international economic, political and regulatory developments. Investing in derivatives could lose more than the amount invested. The use of models to evaluate securities or securities markets based on certain assumptions concerning the interplay of market factors, may not adequately take into account certain factors, may not perform as intended, and may result in a decline in the value of an investment, which could be substantial. Investors should consult their investment professional prior to making an investment decision.

It is not possible to invest directly in an unmanaged index.

Beta is a measure of price sensitivity to market movements. Market beta is 1. Carry of any asset is the cost or benefit of owning that asset. Correlation is a statistical measure of how two securities move in relation to each other.

This material contains the current opinions of the manager and such opinions are subject to change without notice. This material is distributed for informational purposes only and should not be considered as investment advice or a recommendation of any particular security, strategy or investment product. Information contained herein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but not guaranteed.

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CMR2019-0319-386840

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